How to set up a Windows 11 environment to use WSL with Landscape

yanisa-hs · February 20, 2024, 10:19pm

If you already have a Windows machine with WSL 2 and Ubuntu installed, you don’t need to go through this guide.

This guide provides an example of how you could set up an environment to use WSL with Landscape. It’s intended for users who want to create a Windows VM, although later steps in the guide are still relevant for users who already have a Windows machine.

Contents:

Configure Ubuntu for virtualization with QEMU and libvirt
Create and provision a Windows 11 VM using an ISO
Set up WSL, Ubuntu and helper utilities

Step 1: Configure Ubuntu for virtualization with QEMU and libvirt

To enable libvirt-based virtualization on Ubuntu, run the following commands:

sudo apt-get install qemu-kvm libvirt-daemon-system libvirt-clients -y
sudo adduser $(id -un) libvirt
sudo adduser $(id -un) kvm
sudo modprobe kvm
sudo apt-get install virt-manager -y

For those who want a more detailed understanding, here’s what each command does:

sudo apt-get install qemu-kvm libvirt-daemon-system libvirt-clients -y: Installs QEMU, the libvirt daemon and libvirt clients. QEMU enables virtualization, and libvirt is a toolkit that manages the virtualization. The daemon and clients are part of the libvirt toolkit. The -y automatically answers “yes” to any prompts.
sudo adduser $(id -un) libvirt and sudo adduser $(id -un) kvm: Adds the current user (output of $(id -un)) to the libvirt and kvm groups.
sudo modprobe kvm: Loads the KVM module into the kernel.
sudo apt-get install virt-manager -y: Installs Virtual Machine Manager, which is the desktop software you’ll use to manage your Windows VM. The -y automatically answers “yes” to any prompts.

A reboot typically isn’t required at this stage, but if you encounter issues, try rebooting your machine to ensure all changes get applied properly.

Step 2: Create and provision a Windows 11 VM using an ISO

This ISO disk image is unactivated and generally used for Windows testing and development purposes. There may be some differences between the ISO and a licensed copy of Windows. For more information, refer to Microsoft’s documentation.

To create and provision your Windows 11 VM using an ISO:

Download and prepare the ISO file

Download the Windows 11 ISO file:
```
wget https://software.download.prss.microsoft.com/dbazure/Win11_23H2_English_x64v2.iso
```
The wget command downloads the file from Microsoft’s website.

Move the ISO file to the libvirt images directory:

sudo mv Win11_23H2_English_x64v2.iso /var/lib/libvirt/images/

Create and provision your VM

Get the model of your machine’s CPU:
```
cpu_model=$(virsh capabilities | grep -oP '<model>\K[^<]+' | head -n 1)
```
This is needed so the VM can emulate the same CPU model of your host machine.
Define the name of the VM:
```
vm_name="win11-vm"
```
This example assigns the name of your VM to win11-vm. You can change win11-vm to whatever name you want without changing any of the following steps.

Create and provision the VM:

virt-install \
--name "$vm_name" \
--ram 8192 \
--vcpus 4 \
--cpu custom,model="$cpu_model" \
--disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/$vm_name.qcow2,size=64 \
--os-variant "win11" \
--graphics spice \
--cdrom /var/lib/libvirt/images/Win11_23H2_English_x64v2.iso \
--boot hd,cdrom \
--noautoconsole

The settings here are suitable for most computers. However, you can adjust them based on the available resources on your computer. Landscape requires a bare minimum of 2 vCPU and 4 GB of RAM.

Stop the VM:
```
virsh destroy $vm_name
```

Configure your VM

Add the CPU to the VM configuration:
```
sudo sed -i "/<\/cpu>/i \    <feature policy='require' name='vmx' />" "/etc/libvirt/qemu/${vm_name}.xml"
```
The sed command edits the VM’s XML configuration file to add the CPU feature. These changes to the XML file may not immediately be reflected in Virtual Machine Manager’s (VMM) XML editor. This is because VMM often maintains its own cache or database of VM configurations for performance reasons.
Restart the libvirt daemon:
```
sudo systemctl restart libvirtd
```

Close and launch Virtual Machine Manager:

kill $(pgrep virt-manager)
virt-manager

Launch the VM

Launch the VM:
```
virsh start $vm_name && virt-viewer $vm_name
```
Once the VM opens in the console, you’ll need to press a key to boot from CD. If the installer requests you eject the CD during or after the installation process, press Enter and continue. The ISO disk image will be considered ejected (or unmounted) when this warning appears, and no additional steps are needed.

Step 3: Set up WSL, Ubuntu and helper utilities

Install Chocolatey and necessary drivers

In your Windows 11 VM, open an elevated PowerShell window. Right click PowerShell > Run as Administrator
Set the execution policy to bypass PowerShell’s default policy:
```
Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Scope Process -Force
```
Bypassing PowerShell’s execution policy should generally be used with caution. The execution policy is set to Bypass here to ensure the rest of the script runs smoothly. When you close your PowerShell window, the execution policy will return to the default.

Install Chocolatey:

iex ((New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://chocolatey.org/install.ps1'))

Enable global confirmation for Chocolatey:
```
choco feature enable -n allowGlobalConfirmation
```
Enabling this feature tells Chocolatey to always confirm prompts that appear during the installation or upgrade process. This feature should generally be used with caution, but it’s useful here so you won’t need to manually confirm any prompts.

Install VM utilities:

choco install spice-agent virtio-drivers

Restart your VM to apply these changes:
```
Restart-Computer -Force
```

Enable WSL and other necessary software

After your machine restarts, open an elevated PowerShell window again.

Enable Hyper-V, Virtual Machine Platform and WSL:

Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -FeatureName Microsoft-Hyper-V-All -Online -NoRestart
Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -FeatureName VirtualMachinePlatform -Online -NoRestart
Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -FeatureName Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux -Online -NoRestart

Restart your VM again to apply these changes:
```
Restart-Computer -Force
```

Install Ubuntu on WSL

After your VM restarts, open the Command Prompt.
Update WSL:
```
wsl --update
```
Check your WSL version:
```
wsl -l -v
```
The output will be similar to:
```
  NAME      STATE           VERSION
* Ubuntu    Stopped         2
```
Your WSL version number is in the VERSION column. You need to use WSL version 2, not version 1. If you’re on WSL 1, see Microsoft’s guide on upgrading from WSL 1 to WSL 2.
If WSL is on version 2, install Ubuntu:
```
wsl --install Ubuntu
```

Your environment is now set up to use WSL with Landscape. Next, you’ll need to install and configure Ubuntu Pro for WSL and register your Windows host machine. For these steps, see how to set up Ubuntu Pro for WSL and register WSL hosts to Landscape.