EFI partition in dual-boot system

If you deleted the old ESP, that had both grub & Windows UEFI boot files. Best to never delete a Windows ESP. You should have only deleted /EFI/ubuntu folder in ESP.
Do you have backup of old ESP? To restore Windows UEFI boot files/folders.

Otherwise you have to do major Windows repairs to restore Windows boot using its ESP. If you create new partition Windows also then needs new UUID which install should update.

Windows & Ubuntu repairs: