You still show 3TB drive as MBR(msdos) or you will not be able to use the remaining 1TB.
Best to erase, use gparted to convert to gpt, create partition and then rsync.
Tea-for-one’s suggestion on grsync should be good, but I nave never used it.
Older page on grsync, and may go away soon as older pages will be obsoleted. but rsync has not changed.
As mentionned by others, to get full use of the drive you need to recreate the Partition table to be GPT format, using GParted.
Once that is done, you need to recreate you /dev/sdb1 partition as ext4, again using GParted.
I strongly recommend that you give the partition an actual Partition Name, single-word, that could be used again as the name of the directory you will create as a mountpoint.
Lastly, for any internal, permanently installed hard drives, and this is only my opinion, I would recommend a mount root other than the system default, to avoid the system’s automounting logic taking hold when you don’t want it to. For my own, I use the form of /site/${mountdir}, i.e. /site/DB008_F1 and noauto flag in fstab for all other than / and specified drives.
[2] Mount Points
As I understand it, you have the following:
“/media/peter/Seagate Expansion Drive” for mounting /dev/sdb1
(if that name was assigned by you, all good; if not, I recommend manually creating a mountpoint with a shorter name in order to have shorter pathnames resulting from disk searches)
“/media/peter/WD” for /dev/sdc1
[3] Mirror with basic rsync
The most basic form of the rsync command is as follows, for your situation:
(IMPORTANT: You MUST use quotes around any pathname that includes spaces or special characters)
CRITICAL: The source path (first in the above) must end with a “/” to avoid having rsync copying the “WD” directory file itself as another level under the destination directory.
If you want to see “progress”, you need to change “-av” to “-avP” in the above command.
Beyond that very basic and acceptable form, there is a myriad of options to fine tune how rsync behaves. I will again refer you to the first of the links I provided to you in my earlier post for the real case of what I use as an ongoing backup process. Start from where I say “For usage of rsync, …”.
While you still have that master copy (/dev/sdc1), if you need to guarantee that the mirror data is a proper duplicate, not leaving to discovering issues at a later date, there are options which will increase the overall process time because they involve performing checksums. That is for you to weigh the risks regarding how much you trust the basic process.
While most people may not perform checksums (myself included, most times), some people would NOT dream of doing any mirroring without it. So, again, it is dependant upon your personal tolerance for uncertainty/risk or trust in your hardware.
I do prefer GUI and I am trying GRSync.
But I ran one shot of it setup as I think it should be. but it ran for only a few minutes, ended saying there were Errors and left nothing copied over to the blank backup HDD.
should this (attached) but the correct setup for GRSync?
If the “Seagate Expansion Drive” is your destination drive /dev/sdb1, IT MUST BE THE SECOND REFERENCE, not the first which should be reserved for the data you want to keep.
The image on the wikipedia page is the only example I can find which, to me, makes it obvious that the destination of the copy should be in the second slot (using the word backups in the path).
If you leave it in the first slot, rsync will wipe out your backup data!!! because it is attempting to mirror the source, which in the case you presented, is empty!
For me, that is a failure on the part of the GUI to be specific regarding what should be entered where.
It is good practice to test a tool on non-critical components/data before commiting to using it for MUST PRESERVE AT ALL COSTS cases.
Since the tool is copying pathname to pathname, you can try the following sequence:
as a little test I tried to just copy the contents of a small USB stick to my empty backup drive.
my command was:
rsync -av /media/peter/3.3.1-35-amd64/ /media/peter/3TBBackup2/
and it seems to have run and seems to have copied the USB stick.
somewhere.
but nothing shows up on the actual backup drive (3TBBackup2) and when I search for one of the oddball file names, I don’t find it anywhere.
Oh wait. No. Now what?
it seems to have created something new. I now see:
3TBBackup2 (which has my test copy files on it)
and
3tBBackup21 (which is empty)
but under DISKS I only see one partition on that drive.
and on neither of those two…. whatevers do I have Write permission (to create a new folder.)
I can’t see clearly enough, but the “21” instance looks like a symbolic link, which means it is a normal file, not a partition.
Also, as presented, the “2” instance is a folder containing what was copied, on a partition of the same name.
“/media/peter” is your systems default target root for “automounts”, what some refer to “plug-n-play”. The system automatically creates temporary names for drives plugged into USB (or other external interfaces). So, if you never specified any entry for the 3TB drive in /etc/fstab, it auto-created a temporary directory for 3TBBackup2 (presumably the assigned “Partition Name” for device /dev/sdb1), then auto-mounted the partition to that directory location.
To avoid confusion of devices, it is always best to create an actual entry in fstab, using UUIDs, for any new device you plan to use regularly, removable or not. That way, you can control where it will actually mount those devices, and if they are mounted every time, or only on demand (“noauto” flag).
Before I try to answer your latest post, hoping you have gparted, could you open GParted, select the drive from the drop-down at the upper left, then paste a snapshot of what is presented?
Then, if you right-click on the first ext4 partition, and click the “Information” choice, can you share a snapshot of that window as well?
I’m not clear on what you intended to say there. Do you mean that you do not have write permission on /media/peter/3TBBackup2 ?
The simplest solution to that is
sudo chmod 775 /media/peter/3TBBackup2
sudo chown peter /media/peter/3TBBackup2
Once you’ve done that, you can open your GUI-based file manager, navigate to the location /media/peter/3TBBackup2, the righ-click and attempt to create a folder or empty file. That operation should now be successful.
To confirm what is located where, the report of df for any specified path will reveal if the location is either on root (/dev/sd?1 of root device, under /media/peter, hence not mounted) or another device (/dev/sd?1 different from roots device path).
what I mean is that at the GUI level, I cannot write to that disk
I cannot PASTE a file into that disk as it is currently setup.
when I mount it and then RightClick on …. the area where files are usualy shown
the “New Folder” and “Paste” options are Greyed Out
I was here a few days ago and was told to wipe everything and start again.
and I got the Write ability back.
but now it is gone again.
thank you.
doing those CHMOD and CHOWN seemed to get permissions back
but on 3TBBackup21 not 3TBBackup2
sudo chown peter /media/peter/3TBBackup21
df shows it listed as 3TBBackup21
I am very confused by the naming system now.
it seemed to autogenerate the “3TBBackup21” name (label?) after I tried GRSync
That usually implies the partition is not yet mounted.
If you right-click on the line for /dev/sdb1 in the first view of GParted, you will have a choice to mount/unmount the device (but that may require that you had an entry for that drive in /etc/fstab).
If no line entry in your fstab, I recommend you create that, then restart the GParted. It should now show the option to "Mount on → " and show the choice of the specified mountpoint. Be sure that mountpoint directory exists before making the attempt.
As another reference tool to examine your setup, you can get all details for mounted partitions with the command:
I noticed the chmod command you posted was not recursive so first check the owner:group and rwx permissions on the directory with: ls -ld /media/peter/3TBBackup21 then do ls -l /media/peter/3TBBackup21 and check the output the owner:group and permission on the contents..
I would like to strongly discourage putting static mounts in fstab that point to /media because that’s udisks territory. Messing about in there may have caused the initial confusion with the “21”, because udisks will just append “1” if there is a name conflict.
I think the cleaner and, most importantly, more conscious way is to do manual mounting in /mnt, like so:
This way you’ll have speaking names and be fully in the loop, which is not always the case with automounter.
Using /dev/sdb etc. is always a little iffy because those names are not guaranteed to always point to the same device, so a simple reboot might shuffle them around, especially with external disks, hence my strong encouragement of using the /dev/disk/by-* hierarchy, e.g. using the /dev/disk/by-id/ symbolic links, which contain the device serial number, which you see in your screenshots, for instance /dev/disk/by-id/usb-57…37-part1, for your WD My Passport.
If both are labeled /dev/disk/by-label is an even better and simpler choice. And since labeling things is always fun, I suggest you do that.
Pro-tip: the Tab key is your best friend! You don’t need to type all that stuff manually. It just needs to start with a unique sequence and pressing tab will autocomplete the rest, like so:
$ sud<tab> mount /dev/dis<tab>/by-id/usb-57<tab>-part1
That should, if I’ve counted correctly, give you the 100% correct device name of you WD My Passport.
If nothing happens on the first tab press, the word is not unambigous yet, pressing tab another time will show suggestions
Linux is case sensitive. Or Capitals matter.
You have /media/peter/3TBBackup2 and label 3TBbackup2.
Automounts are often by label or second small b.
Best to be consistent or totally different so you know which is which.
Often a second duplicate mount is the one with a number at end.
I like to check mounts with (scroll right to see detail as shown in terminal)