Welcome to the community 
On Ubuntu 24.04, when Steam launches and nothing appears at all, the first thing to do is run it from the terminal so we can see the error message. Many Steam problems are related to missing 32-bit libraries or a broken first-run setup.
Please try the following steps.
First, open a terminal and run:
steam
Watch the output carefully and see if any error messages appear. If there are errors, please paste them here so we can see what Steam is complaining about.
Second, make sure the required 32-bit architecture and libraries are installed (Steam still needs them). Run:
sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
sudo apt update
sudo apt install steam-installer libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 libgl1:i386
Then try launching Steam again.
If Steam still does not start, sometimes the local Steam configuration becomes corrupted. You can reset it with:
rm -rf ~/.steam ~/.local/share/Steam
steam
This will force Steam to download its files again.
If you installed the Snap version, you may want to remove it and use the APT version, which usually works better on Ubuntu:
sudo snap remove steam
sudo apt install steam-installer
Finally, if the problem persists, please share:
• the output of steam in the terminal
• your GPU type (NVIDIA / AMD / Intel)
With that information it will be much easier to identify the exact issue.