For those interrested in understanding and working on a design solution that would avoid such disaster for next HWE kernel , @gpmitch has well explain the problem :
The issue in 24.04.3’s broadcom-sta-dkms package is that the source code fails to compile the kernel module for 6.17.0-14 and that, in turn, causes the kernel package installation to fail, but not completely. It apparently leaves the package in an unpacked, but unconfigured state. Unfortunately, an init image was generated and grub was updated with an entry pointing to the half-installed kernel which caused problems when trying to boot it.
So we need indeed to make sure that DKMS failing to compile ( ubuntu repo versions of broadcom-sta and virtualbox-dkms are good examples right now ) would not interrupt the kernel deployment which leads to unbootable state