Permissions used with a Linux OS are irrelevant to windows as they are not used or understood by the windows filesystem so I would not expect you would be able to access any Steam games on a Linux partition from windows . You will need to be more specific about the problems you are having. Are they not seen or accessible from windows or from Ubuntu or both? How do you try to start/run your Steam games and what warning/error messages do you see if any?
Using both windows and Linux filesystems on Steam is apparently not recommended as the filesystems are very different so the software is also different an not compatible and this is discussed at the site from the link below. The site suggests a method which may work or at least help but repeats that it is NOT recommended.
Are you aware of Bazzite Linux which comes with Steam installed. You might try that on a USB if you have no luck with other methods.
Have you gone to the Steam site or forums to search for answers? I would expect better luck there. Also, I expect a moderator will move your thread as the original was dealing with Steam on Linux filesystem and not windows and Linux.